The logo designing process isn’t an exact science and there isn’t a set-in-stone way to go through it. Some designers add some steps (i.e. a client questionnaire before step 2) or spend longer/shorter periods of time of certain steps, but in the end, what’s important is that you find your own groove that works best for you, your client, and your team.
Research: understanding the company
Ideation: Creating a main idea
Concept development: How to present the idea
Concept refinement: Detailing the main idea
Concept presentation: showing your final concept for approval.
Execution: Usage guidelines & logo application
Logo expansion: looking at the bigger branding picture, beyond just the logo.